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| SHORT COMMUNICATION |
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| Year : 2018 | Volume
: 7
| Issue : 2 | Page : 88-89 |
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Atypical zoonotic pox: Acute merging illness that can be easily forgotten
Somsri Wiwanitkit1, Viroj Wiwanitkit2
1 Wiwanitkit House, Bangkhae, Bangkok, Thailand
2 Hainan Medical University, China; Dr DY Patil University, India
| Date of Submission | 20-Jan-2018 |
| Date of Decision | 10-Feb-2018 |
| Date of Acceptance | 14-Feb-2018 |
| Date of Web Publication | 31-May-2018 |
Correspondence Address:
Somsri Wiwanitkit
Wiwanitkit House, Bangkhae, Bangkok
Thailand
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/2221-6189.233018
Pox is an important infection that can cause the acute illness with dermatological manifestation. Apart from the well-known pox infections, the emerging zoonotic pox infections become interesting new issue in infectious medicine. In this short review, the acute illness which results from new important zoonotic pox infections such as monkeypox, cowpox, raccoon pox and buffalopox is discussed and summarized.
Keywords: Monkeypox, Cowpox, Raccoon pox, Buffalopox
How to cite this article:
Wiwanitkit S, Wiwanitkit V. Atypical zoonotic pox: Acute merging illness that can be easily forgotten. J Acute Dis 2018;7:88-9 |
How to cite this URL:
Wiwanitkit S, Wiwanitkit V. Atypical zoonotic pox: Acute merging illness that can be easily forgotten. J Acute Dis [serial online] 2018 [cited 2021 Feb 26];7:88-9. Available from: http://www.jadweb.org/text.asp?2018/7/2/88/233018 |
| 1. Introduction | |  |
Pox is an important infection that can cause the acute illness with dermatological manifestation. The well-known human pox infections are pox, smallpox[1] and chickenpox[2]. Apart from the well-known pox infections, the emerging zoonotic pox infections become interesting new issue in infectious medicine. In this short review, acute illness resulting from new important zoonotic pox infections such as monkeypox, cowpox, raccoonpox and buffalopox will be discussed and summarized.
| 2. Racoon pox infection in human | | |
Racoon pox is an important animal virus. For human beings, there are few reports about this pox infection. The first report in human is by Rocke et al[3]. They reported a human exposure to a recombinant raccoon poxvirus. In this patient, Rocke et al found that “within 9 days, the patient developed a small blister that healed within 4 weeks. Raccoon poxvirus was cultured from the lesion”[3]. The observed acute illness in raccoon pox infection is not different from the general clinical problem in human infection by any other viruses in pox group.
| 3. Cowpox infection in human | | |
Cowpox can cause human infection. The disease has been known for many decades. The disease is zoonotic from cat, not a cow[4], Direct contact is the cause of getting zoonotic infection. In cat, the virus can cause lung infection but it will cause acute illness with “a local nodular dermatitis at the inoculation site” in human case[5].
Enlarge lymph node and high fever can also be seen[6]. Severe ocular infection can also be seen in some cases[7]. Cat immunization against this infection is available and it is suggested that cat owners should be informed about the zoonotic risk[8]. A recent report by Borisevich et al from Russia noted that a decrease of population immunity to pox in the population of Russia caused by cancellation of pox immunization, hidden circulation of cowpox virus in various species of rodents, as well as lack of vigilance to pathogenic orthopoxviurses in healthcare workers were noted to create the real preconditions for the emergence of infection of humans caused by cowpox virus[9].
| 4. Monkeypox infection in human | | |
Human monkeypox is considered a new emerging virus infection [10]. The endemic area of the disease is in Africa. Visiting forest is the main risk factor for getting the infection[11].
The co-infection between monkey pox and varicella is also reported[12]. Focusing on the clinical feature of the human monkeypox infection, the patients usually have acute illness. Kalthan et al found that fever and rash were the main symptoms of the disease. Lymphadenopathy was present in 54.5%[13]. At present, the new diagnostic test kit is also available for help confirmation and diagnosis of the infection[14]. The important concern at present is the recent report on extended human to human transmission of monkeypox infection[15].
| 5. Buffalopox infection in human | | |
Human buffalopox is another uncommon zoonotic virus infection. The disease is usually due to contact with buffalo and the milker is the common infected group. The most recent outbreak occurred in India[16],[17]. In the report on human outbreak in India, Bhanuprakash et al noted that milkers developed pox-like lesions on the hands, forearms and forehead accompanied by fever, axillary lymphadenopathy and general malaise[16].
| 6. Goat–pox infection and sheep–pox infection in human | | |
The possible anthorpo-zoonotic infection has been mentioned for a long time[18]. Nevertheless, there is still no confirmation on the epidemic or outbreak. An important explanation might be the good control of disease in animal, which can also be reflected by the trend of decreased incidence of Q-fever as seen in Taiwan[19].
For the sheep-pox infection, there is an interesting indexing case on a man who get infected by contact with sheep carrying ecthyma contagiosum lesions and confirmed by immunodiagnosis[20].
| 7. Conclusion | | |
Many new emerging zoonotic pox infections exist at present. Those zoonotic infections are usually forgotten. Sometimes, the infection can be transmitted by pet and it is an important issue to promote health education for general people regarding the risk of atypical zoonotic pox infections.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors report no conflict of interest.
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