Comparative study on effects of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Manpreet Singh; Awadh Bihari Tiwari; Priya Taank; Shalendra Singh; Amrinder Kaur; Munish Sood; Rahul Yadav

doi:10.4103/2221-6189.342662

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Year : 2022 \| Volume : 11 \| Issue : 2 \| Page : 59-64

Comparative study on effects of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery Manpreet Singh¹, Awadh Bihari Tiwari¹, Priya Taank², Shalendra Singh³, Amrinder Kaur⁴, Munish Sood⁵, Rahul Yadav⁶ ¹ Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Air Force Hospital, Kanpur 208004, India ² Department of Ophthalmology, Command Hospital (SC), Pune 411040, India ³ Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Armed forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India ⁴ Department of Periodontics, 304 Field Hospital, Kanpur 208004, India ⁵ Department of Orthopaedics, Indian Naval Hospital Ship Asvini, Mumbai 400005, India ⁶ Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Indian Naval Hospital Ship Asvini, Mumbai 400005, India Correspondence Address: Shalendra Singh Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Armed forces Medical College, Pune 411040 India Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None DOI: 10.4103/2221-6189.342662

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery. Methods: A total of 86 female patients were prospectively administered dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg i.v. (the group A, n=43), and dexamethasone 8 mg i.v. (the group B, n=43). The two groups were compared in treatment response, hemodynamic changes, and Numerical Analog Scale (NAS). Besides, the relation of PONV with patient baseline characteristics in the perioperative period was determined as well. Results: Patients in group A had lower PONV scores (t=3.1, P<0.002), less needs for rescue anti-emetics (χ²=0.47, P<0.001), and decreased intraoperative heart rate (t=9.72, P<0.001) and mean arterial pressure (t=7.58, P<0.001) compared to that of group B. Group A reported lower NAS than group B (t=2.66, P<0.001). In addition, we found no relationship between PONV score and rescue anti-emetic requirement, age, or body mass index (P=0.96, P=0.60, P=0.28, respectively). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine could be used as an effective antiemetic in laparoscopic surgeries, with better efficacy than dexamethasone. Dexmedetomidine not only can reduce PONV but also is effective in postoperative analgesia.



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