Pox is an important infection that can cause the acute illness with dermatological manifestation. Apart from the well-known pox infections, the emerging zoonotic pox infections become interesting new issue in infectious medicine. In this short review, the acute illness which results from new important zoonotic pox infections such as monkeypox, cowpox, raccoon pox and buffalopox is discussed and summarized.

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Objective: To investigate antibiotic resistance pattern of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) generating microorganisms, and quantitative culture and determining antibiotic sensitivity. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 50 patients suffering from VAP in intensive care unit of Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol, Iran during 2014–2015. VAP was probable for them based on clinical signs and the criteria of Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score standards. Lower respiratory samples were given under bronchoalveolar lavage and quantitative culture was done on them. Afterwards by microdilution method, minimal inhibitory concentration based on respective microorganisms, considering clinical pulmonary infection score were determined. Results: From 50 investigated samples in this study, the most common microorganisms were Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (70%) then Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Staphylococcus aureus (8%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (3%). In our study A. baumannii showed approximate 100% resistance to all antibiotics, in a way that A. baumannii resistance to imipenem and meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam each was 97.1%. The most resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 66.7% to each cefepime and ceftazidime and clavulanate/ticarcillin. Staphylococcus aureus showed 75% resistance to nafcillin, cloxacillin and resistance in case of vancomycin was not seen. Conclusion: In current study, A. baumannii had the most prevalence among VAP and this species is resistant to most of antibiotics. Using ceftazidime, cefepime and clavulanate/ticarcillin, in treatment of the patients suffering VAP is not reasonable.

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Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of traumatic patients, referred to the Vali-asr trauma center, Arak, Iran in the summer of 2016. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, all patients with trauma, entered the study considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were then analyzed by the SPSSv.19. Mean, SD, percentage and frequency were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 1 049 patients were released after examination due to normal vital signs. A total of 483 patients were transferred to be under observation in hospital’s wards. All patients were chest X-rayed, among whom, 17 unusual cases were found. Conclusions: It is recommended that comprehensive investigations should be made to identify road and non-road hazardous factors, and that a great step and first priority in safety and removal of hazards is effectively taken by accurate planning in addition to higher public educations.

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Acute renal failure is an important acute renal disease. It is the totally acute impairment of the renal function and can be fatal if there is no proper and timely treatment. There are various causes of acute renal failure. The acute renal failure might be due to contact with nephrotoxic substance. The food borne acute renal failure is an important problem that is sporadically seen worldwide. Of several food borne acute renal failure disorders, the fish borne acute renal failure is an important problem. In this specific short review, the authors summarize and discuss the cases on important fish borne acute renal failure disorders.

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Objective: To study the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSCs) on angiogenesis and inflammation in rabbits with acute cornea alkali burn. Methods: New Zealand White Rabbit were chosen, while model of cornea alkali burn was made and divided into BMSCs group and control group. Rabbits in the BMSCs group were injected with BMSCs and those in the control group received PBS Solution via ear vein. Cornea turbidity and the angiogenesis area were measured at 20 d, 40 d, 60 d. The expression of angiogenic and inflammation response cytokines were measured at 60 d. Results: At 20 d, 40 d, 60 d, the cornea turbidity in BMSCs group was lower than that in control group, and the angiogenesis area in BMSCs group was smaller than that in control group; At 60 d, the mRNA expression of HIF-1 α , VEGF, MMP2, MMP9, TLR2, TLR4, IL-1α ,IL-1 β , TNF-α , ICAM-1 in cornea of BMSCs group was substantially Lower than that of control group, while BMSCs group was substantially higher than control group on mRNA expression of PEDF, TIMP1, TIMP2. Conclusions: BMSCs has inhibitory effect on angiogenesis and inflammatory response so that it is conducive to the healing of cornea alkali burn.

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Objective: To study the effects of large doses of vitamin C and vitamin E on nerve injury, neurotrophic and oxidative stress in patients with acute craniocerebral injury. Methods: Patients with acute craniocerebral trauma who were admitted to the Third People’s Hospital of Zigong from April 2014 to December 2016 were selected as the subjects and were randomly divided into two groups. The control group received conventional treatment, and the intervention group received large doses of vitamin C and vitamin E combined with conventional treatment. On the 3^th day and 7^th day after treatment, peripheral blood was collected and serum was isolated, then the contents of nerve injury index NSE, S100B, NGB, UCH-L1, Tf, Ft and neurotrophic indexes NTF-α , BDNF, NGF and IGF-I were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and the contents of SOD, GPx, CAT, OH^-, O₂^-, MDA and AOPP were measured by radioactive immunoprecipitation kit. Results: 3^th day and 7^th day after treatment, the contents of NSE, S100B, NGB, UCH-L1, Tf, Ft, NTF-α , BDNF, NGF, IGF-I, OH^-, O₂^-, MDA and AOPP in the intervention group were all significantly lower than those in the control group. The content of SOD, GPx and CAT in serum in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusions: High-dose vitamin C and vitamin E treatment can alleviate nerve injury, oxidative stress response, and improve neurotrophic state in patients with acute craniocerebral injury.

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The I-Ching is one of the most significant texts in the literature of the world and embodies, as no other text does, the Chinese spirit and thought. Its perpetuation along millennia has exercised crucial influence on the development of Chinese philosophy and medicine. The hypotheses of its abstractions compose a “body of assumptions” that hierarchs concepts through a self-regulated process of reciprocal control, which allows the accurate prediction of specific sequences of events according to “fields of similarities”. This peculiarity enables this system of knowledge to make possible predictions based upon the Natural Laws with incredible accuracy, which is effective to process expectations and arguments or to affirm or reject its judgments. A detailed analysis of two consecutive hexagrams (N 23 & N 24) allows the understanding not only of the bases that consolidate the “Reconciliation vessel” but also of the specific determination of its function in the frame of Risk management that can be compared to present ISO standards.

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